DIEZ NUEVAS COMPETENCIAS PARA ENSEÑAR

DIEZ NUEVAS COMPETENCIAS PARA ENSEÑAR Philippe Perrenoud El libro Diez nuevas competencias para enseñar se me hizo muy interesante para empezar porque empieza hablando de un factor principal que en muchos casos imposibilita el desempeño docente y es la influencia del gobierno en políticas educativas que hace que los docentes se vean obligados a cubrir estos planes y programas de estudios al cien porciento, pero a la vez es un gran desafío para el docente ya que como menciona el autor ,éstos pasan por diversos problemas educativos en los que el uso de competencias beneficiaran el progreso del docente en su intento por enseñar. Es importante mencionar que el autor considera que una competencia es la capacidad de movilizar varios recursos cognitivos para hacer frente a una variedad de situaciones, al mismo tiempo descarta que las competencias sean conocimientos, habilidades o actitudes aunque el ejercicio de las mismas pasan por operaciones mentales complejas, relacionadas con un esquema de pensamiento que determinan un acción adaptada a la situación.De tal manera las competencias no solo se basan en teorías de pensamiento y conocimientos sino también en la forma en como se trabajarán y practicarán. Las competencias se basan en diez importantes puntos que son: 1. Organizar y animar situaciones de aprendizaje Este tipo de competencias se enfoca al hecho de que nosotros como docentes antes de iniciar nuestra clase debemos tener en cuenta el uso de nuestro programa para analizar y desarrollar el contenido de cada tema de manera que establecer objetivos claros sean nuestra prioridad, asi será como conozcamos los errores u obstáculos que benefician o bloquean el aprendizaje escolar como también la inmersión de los estudiantes a diversos proyectos que propicien un mayor interés. 2. Gestionar la progresión de los aprendizajes Esta competencia se refiere a la manera en que los docentes encontraran, analizaran y darán solución a distintos problemas que permitan que el nivel educativo y las posibilidades de cada estudiante ya no sean un obstáculo de aprendizaje. También hace mención de la importancia que tiene la evaluación ya que de esa manera observaremos las deficiencias que existen en el salón de clases y los factores que evitan que haya un mejor aprendizaje para posteriormente hacer uso de estrategias que favorezcan su desarrollo. 3. Elaborar y hacer evolucionar dispositivos de diferenciación Esta competencia es muy importante ya que nosotros como docentes debemos analizar la diversidad que existe en un salón de clases y buscar que aquellos alumnos que presentan alguna diferenciación de cualquier tipo, no sean discriminados sino una forma en la que exista una practica de apoyo integrado. Y a la vez el compañerismo y cooperación sea importante para una mejor enseñanza y adquisición de conocimientos. 4. Implicar a los alumnos en su aprendizaje y en su trabajo Esta competencia se me hace una de las mas importantes ya que para que se pueda llevar a cado el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de una manera eficiente y eficaz es necesario que nosotros como maestros usemos estrategias que fomenten por parte de los alumnos, una mayor motivación por aprender y al mismo tiempo que ellos sean capaces de autoevaluarse y darse cuenta de sus progresos y retrocesos para que al identificar sus problemas sepan darle solución o busquen ayuda del maestro. El maestro así, debe ser más accesible y permitir que entre ambos (maestro- alumno) se establezcan varios tipos de acuerdos escolares. . 5. Trabajar en equipo El trabajo en equipo es un factor muy importante que debe fomentar el maestro ya que de esa manera los estudiantes analizaran conjuntamente situaciones complejas y practicas para que sean capaces de darle soluciones. 6. Participar en la gestión de la escuela La gestión educativa es necesaria ya que debe existir una escuela en donde influya todo el personal escolar para poder trabajar conjuntamente en la elaboración de un proyecto institucional que beneficien la educación. 7. Informar e implicar a los padres Esta competencia es muy importante ya que involucra no solo al personal escolar sino también a la influencia de los padres de familia dentro del desarrollo de los estudiantes siendo así que los maestros deben realizar reuniones en donde se informe el avance o retroceso de su hijo así como también proponer o debatir (critica reflexiva y constructiva ) algunos temas que ayuden a la mejora de los mismos. 8. Utilizar las nuevas tecnologías Actualmente el uso de la tecnología ha sido muy importante ya que nuestra sociedad esta inmersa en la utilización de diversos medios tecnológicos que permiten el progreso de esa manera la actualización debe ser necesaria, haciendo uso de instrumentos multimedia que propicien un mejor proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en estudiantes que se desenvuelven en una época de conocimientos basados en la tecnología. 9. Afrontar los deberes y los dilemas éticos de la profesión El maestro ante todo debe ser una persona que tenga buenos valores que fortalezcan y beneficie no solo a su persona sino a toda la comunidad escolar .De tal manera debe luchar contra los prejuicios y las discriminaciones sexuales, étnicas y sociales. 10. Organizar la propia formación continua El maestro al adquirir experiencia basada en el análisis de procesos y retrocesos adquiridos en el salón de clases debe también saber explicitar sus practicas y a la vez establecer un control de competencias y un programa- personal de formación continua propios de manera que el trabajo colaborativo ayude a la mejora de un bien común llamado educación de calidad. TEN NEW SKILLS TO TEACH Philippe Perrenoud The book ten new skills to teach made me very interesting to begin because it starts talking about a major factor which in many cases prevents teaching performance and is the influence of the Government on educational policies which makes teachers are forced to cover these plans and curricula to the hundred percent, but at the same time it is a great challenge for the teacher already that as mentioned by the author , they go through various educational problems in which the use of competences benefit the progress of teaching in his attempt to teach. It is important to mention that the author considers that competition is the ability to mobilize several cognitive resources to deal with a variety of situations, at the same time rule out that competences are knowledge, skills or attitudes even though the exercise of them through complex mental operations, related to a scheme of thought that determine an action adapted to the situation.So the powers not only based on theories of thought and knowledge, but also in the way in as they will work and practice. Competencies are based on ten important points are: 1. Organize and encourage learning situations This type of skills focuses on the fact that we as teachers before our class must take into account the use of our program to analyze and develop the content of each topic to establish clear objectives are our priority, so will be as we know any errors or obstacles that benefit or block the school learning as also the immersion of students to various projects that foster a greater interest. 2. Manage the progression of learning This competence refers to the way that teachers find, analyse and give solution to various problems that allow that level of education and possibilities of each student no longer an obstacle of learning. It also makes mention of the importance that has the evaluation because that way we will observe the deficiencies that exist in the classroom and the factors that prevent that there is a better learning to later make use of strategies that favour their development. 3. Develop and make evolve differentiation devices This competition is very important since we as teachers must analyze the diversity that exists in a classroom and look for those students who have any differentiation of any type are not discriminated against, but a way in which there is a practice of integrated support. And at the same time the fellowship and cooperation is relevant to a better learning and acquisition of knowledge. 4. Involving students in their learning and work This competition is to me one of the more important since that can be Ed the process teaching - learning in an efficient and effective manner it is necessary that we as teachers use strategies that encourage students, a higher motivation to learn and at the same time they are able to assess and give account of their progress and setbacks so by identifying their problems know give solution or seek help from the master. The teacher should thus be more accessible and allow both (teacher-student) established various types of school agreements. . 5. Teamwork Teamwork is an important factor that should promote teacher because that way the students jointly analyse complex situations and practices so that they are able to provide solutions. 6 Participate in the management of the school Education management is necessary since there should be a school where influence all school personnel to be able to work together in the development of an institutional project that will benefit education. 7. Inform and involve parents This competition is very important since it involves not only school personnel but also to the influence of parents in the development of students so that the teachers must hold meetings where report forward or reverse of your child as well as also propose or discuss (critical thoughtful and constructive) some topics that will help them improve. 8. Use new technologies Currently the use of technology has been very important since our society is immersed in the use of various technological means that allow progress in this way the update must be necessary, making use of multimedia tools that foster a better process of teaching - learning in students who thrive in an era of technology-based knowledge. 9 Deal with the ethical dilemmas of the profession and duties The teacher must first and foremost be a person who has good values that strengthen and benefit not only to yourself but to the entire school community.So you must fight against prejudice and sexual, ethnic and social discrimination. 10. Organize own continuing training The teacher to gain experience based on the analysis of processes and setbacks acquired in the classroom must also know to explain their practices and at the same time establish control powers and a program-personal training themselves to collaborative work to help the improvement of a common good call quality education.

PROBLEMAS Y DIFICULTADES FUTURAS EN LA PRACTICA DOCENTE

PROBLEMAS Y DIFICULTADES FUTURAS EN LA PRACTICA DOCENTE En este ensayo se dará a conocer los problemas que actualmente enfrentan los profesores y a la vez las posibles soluciones de las mismas. La gran preocupación de cualquier maestro es llevar a cabo un buen proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el cual se cubra de manera satisfactoria los programas y planes de estudios que la SEP establece en cada ciclo escolar sin embargo es importante analizar que posibilidades y esfuerzos tiene que hacer el maestro de cualquier nivel para llegar a cubrir y cumplir con ese reto que muchas ocasiones no resulta alcanzado. Para empezar mencionare que el docente pasa por muchos problemas que obstaculizan su desarrollo profesional y el aprendizaje- enseñanza de saberes que posteriormente otorgará a sus alumnos. Existen distintos problemas tales como: La SEP federal y estatal es una secretaria que esta obligada a establecer planes y programas de estudios en determinado tiempo sin embargo es cuestionable conocer el como, y en que tiempo se deben cubrir las metas ya que como bien sabemos son varios factores los que hacen que el uso de estos programa no se lleguen a cubrir debidamente. La creación de metas para la educación es el deseo de que ocurra algo. Pero las metas, en ausencia de la teoría sobre como alcanzarlas son totalmente ilusorias. La planificación que hacen los docentes fracasa debido a las suposiciones de los planificadores y en parte, porque es posible que los problemas no tengan solución. La primera ocurre cuando los directivos y creadores de políticas educativas suponen que las soluciones que han adoptado son incuestionablemente las correctas; y ya hemos visto que estas soluciones están destinadas a ser cuestionadas en cuanto a los valores en competencia y la solidez técnica. La segunda ocurre cuando los planificadores en formas que ignoran los elementos asociados con el proceso de implementación, elementos que son solo parcialmente controlables pero que es indudable que si, se les ignora, quedaran fuera de control. La solución no consiste en comprometerse menos en lo que percibimos como reformas necesarias, sino en ser mas sensibles a la posibilidad de que nuestra versión del cambio no sea totalmente correcta y reconocer que el tener buenas ideas, significa bastante menos que ganar la mitad de la batalla, en comparación con el establecimiento de un proceso que nos permitirá usar las ideas y descubrir otras a lo largo del camino. Los docentes necesitan estar abiertos a las realidades de otros; algunas veces porque sus ideas conducirán a alteraciones en beneficio de la dirección del cambio y en otras ocasiones porque las realidades de otros expondrán los problemas de implementación que debe abordarse y, al menos, indicaran por donde se debe empezar. Otro factor importante que dificulta la practica docente es la gran diversidad de estudiantes que muchas veces muestran apatía o una mala disciplina en el salón de clases y que no solo perjudica a que ellos mismo no aprendan sino también a todos sus compañeros del salón de clases. PROBLEMS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES IN THE PRACTICE TEACHING This essay will be informed of the problems currently facing teachers and at the same time the possible solutions of the same. The great concern of any teacher is to carry out a good process of teaching-learning in which programmes are covered in a satisfactory manner and curricula that the SEP set in each school cycle, however, it is important to analyze possibilities and efforts have to do the master of any level to cover and meet this challenge many times is not reached. To begin, you call the teacher passes through many problems hindering their professional development and learning-teaching of knowledge which later will give students. There are different issues such as: The federal and State SEP is a Secretariat that is obliged to establish plans and curricula in time however is questionable to know the as, and in that time must meet goals since as we know it are several factors that make use of these program are not subject to cover properly. The creation of goals for education is the desire of something happens. But the goals, in the absence of the theory on how to achieve them are totally illusory. Planning that teachers make fails due to assumptions of the planners and partly because it is possible that the problems do not have solution. The first occurs when managers and creators of educational policies assume that the solutions that have been adopted are unquestionably correct; and we have already seen that these solutions are intended to be questioned in terms of values in competition and technical soundness. The second occurs when planners in ways that ignore the elements associated with the process of implementation, elements that are only partially controllable, but that is no doubt that, if ignored, remain out of control. The solution is not to engage less in what we perceive as necessary reforms but becoming more sensitive to the possibility that our version of change is not completely correct and recognize that you have good ideas, means less to win half the battle, in comparison with the establishment of a process that will allow us to use the ideas and discover others along the way. Teachers need to be open to the realities of others; sometimes because their ideas will lead to alterations in benefit of the direction of change and sometimes because the realities of others will be exposed the problems of implementation that should be approached and at least, indicate where you should begin. Another important factor that hinders the practice teaching is the great diversity of students often show apathy or a poor discipline in the classroom, and it not only harms themselves not to learn but also to all peers of the classroom.

Skills of English teacher

The English teacher should carry out various strategies to ensure that in the classroom is established an effective teaching-learning process
Mainly the master must establish a communicative vision that way the student will be competent to the foreign language
Language means being able to interact with others through the production and interpretation of texts written in order to participate in society, i.e. the foreign language teaching and oral is constituted by social practices of language.
The teacher must perform practical pedagogical common in class of English that helps develop skills effectively in such a way the master must:
• Planning education
• Teaching language as dynamic social event in which the teacher, the students and content interact with the ultimate goal of achieving the learning.
• They organize the learning environment
• They interact and promote interaction
• They assess the achievements of students and own performance.
• This process can start with the exposure of students to a text written or oral
The foreign language learning is very important that there is currently a progress or need to use different languages in almost all areas already is of the knowledge, application human, etc. Although also this learning helps to have a grand opening of possibilities for coexistence with another language.
Is normally believed that learning a language (educational levels) based only on the need of pass exams to support that they have knowledge of the language, however learning goes beyond of the accumulation of good grades, i.e., is that to teach the language, the person who learns to be able to come into contact with beings from different culture (cultural interaction)
To learn a foreign language is not only important to acquire grammar but also non-verbal language (perceptions of touch, taste, sight, ear), as it is important to learn the language so that there is acceptance of norms, values, different attitudes and accept the differences in other cultures, this way to overcome the problems and reach a good understanding.
Learning a language is to learn to think in another and accept differences conceptions of things, none is better than another only different.
Mexico is a country that "judge before understanding" making use of judgments based on the cultural context and the existence of bias when we are in another culture
The country seems to be that the teaching of a second language (English) is limited because only certain educational sectors have the teaching of the language, but gradually began to emerge projects (programs) claiming that there is an implementation of English in all educational levels, from pre-school to University. This project is very good as Mexico is a country that to be influenced by the neighbouring country (United States), should be up-to-date on technology, economics, Commerce, etc. and not only that, but also because in our environment we are in the need to learn another language, either because some product you buy or see have text in English or the simple fact that some programs, social networks, internet etc. pages contain language information. Currently learning the English language is no longer a pleasure but a mere necessity.
Many Mexican people still has a certain fear or discrimination with regard to the learning of English since they think that this teaching is given in grammatical way where the theory abounds while practice does not, however don't take into account that there are various strategies for learning English, among them are: games, songs, videos, etc. all of these elements can help English easier and that way they can share information, experiences or talk determined aspect that helps to make the teaching-learning process more dynamic and efficient.
As already mentioned, the English is a language which allows to accept different ways of seeing the world in a way that is respectful of cultural differences and at the same time is too important not only in general focused on the relationship with other countries, if not so particular and focused on the basic education in Mexico (secondary).
There is great importance of language learning in basic education - secondary school which is an element of culture that helps to open up new possibilities and enrich us a diversity of knowledge, experiences, etc. Therefore, so that young people of secondary school have a better learning, it is necessary to take into account a communicative approach in such a way that accessible language and there is a teaching of different forms of expression in different contexts.
Student of secondary then we see not learning the language as a fear to learn if not as a form of motivation help that there is greater chance of success, cultural understanding and that with the help of the communicative approach can contextualize the knowledge and the (theoretical) traditional teaching that was commonly carried out it can be replaced.
The languages have turned into a very important tool to learn and, certainly, the English is the one that obtains the preference of the majority. For it, the students cannot be foreign to this reality and it is necessary bring over to the students to the foreign culture.

Activities in the classroom.

Use of educational activities in the classroom.


It is necessary that in order to develop properly, the process of teaching - learning in the classroom, we put into practice activities that allow students to develop their cognitive process to then make use of the meta cognition. All this is based on the different types of strategy the teacher uses to ensure that students learn and the way in which the students assimilate certain information or knowledge.
The aim of employing various activities in the classroom, allows master captures the attention of students through dynamics to help students learn better knowledge the teacher teach. That is why it is important that the teacher understands how students learn in the classroom, so that in this way find a suitable teaching materials that will benefit the development of skills and abilities of their pupils. But this is necessary to know how to think students and mechanisms to serve as a support to carry out the teaching-learning process.
In such a way, mentioned two important concepts that we should take into account as teachers to analyse them in the classroom and thus enable us to perform certain activities in order that students learn. These concepts are: cognition and Meta cognition.
The cognitive approach, focuses on the mental activity of the student which leads to an answer and recognize mental planning processes. Likewise the cognitivist theories claim that the environment and its components of instruction cannot explain all the learning that results from an instruction. The cognocitivismo is also the construction of knowledge, an individual in particular, in relation to its internal situation and their expectations
Cognitive development is occurring with the reorganization of the cognitive structures as a result of adaptive processes to the environment, based on the assimilation of experience and accommodation of the same with previous knowledge of cognitive structures of apprentices. If the physical or social experience in conflict with previous knowledge, cognitive structures rearrange to incorporate the new experience and what they considered to be learning. The learning content is organized in schemes of knowledge which present different levels of complexity.

Within the cognocitivismo there are various theories that help clarify the process.One of them is the theory of processing the cognitive information that studies the role of the three stages of memory (sensory, short-term and long-term) in the recovery of information and its transfer to store and retrieve memory. Sensory memory enables students to organize groups of information or patterns in their environment, students recognize and process these patterns. Short-term memory allows the student to maintain and understand a small amount of information. If the information is actually linked to prior knowledge, it is stored in long-term memory. Long-term memory allows the student to remember and apply knowledge through learning environments, and remembers the information from a large amount of time once you learn. Encoding and retrieval also play a key role in the theory of the information on cognitive processing (Reiser & Dempsey, 2007).
Existed several thinkers who spoke on cognitive thinking, however one of the most prominent was Piaget which I'll settle a theory in which discovers discover the stages of cognitive development from infancy to adolescence: how psychological structures develop from innate reflexes, are organized during childhood into patterns of behavior, is internalizing during the second year of life as models of thinking, and are developed during childhood and adolescence in complex structures intellectuals that characterize adult life. PIAGET divided the cognitive development into four major periods:
The sensoriomotor (0-2 years), where children start to use the memory, develop a sense of permanence of objects in the intentional activity.
The cognitivista theory emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge and internal mental structures; involved in the conceptualization of the process of the student and are concerned with how the information is received, organized, and stored.
METACOGNItION
Meta cognition is a term used to denote a series of operations, activities, and cognitive functions carried out by a person through an internalized set of intellectual mechanisms that allow you collect, produce and evaluate information, and to make it possible that such a person can know.
That way, you learn to reason about the own reasoning, implementation of the thinking to the Act of thinking, learning to learn, enhance activities and intellectual tasks which one carried out using reflection to guide them and ensure a good implementation.


Both concepts are important in the process of teaching - learning that helps the teacher to understand each student develops and the way in which apply certain knowledge (information to the master da) to daily life.

In conclusion to make use of the classroom activities efficient, we need to consider strategies to help students improve.
In my opinion it is necessary that we as teachers look to the greatest possible number of students so that we know what will be the way to work with the students, some students have a higher level of knowledge than others, and this benefits or harms to the living room, allowing to set new objectives based on the development of skills and abilitiesso we must ensure that students are more beyond what they know so that diverse information to be applied in a practical manner.

Practice in "Mariano Matamoros school"

I went to school "Mariano Matamoros" and practiced in 2 ° B. When I started to give the class I first present and told the students the purpose of my class, then gave them sheets containing regular and irregular verbs showing them on the Blackboard some images of verbs, then gave them a text in which students had to identify the structure of the simple past (last vacations) , then explain the structure of the simple past on the Blackboard and I asked them to do a conversation in groups, using the vocabulary of regular and irregular verbs as well as make use of the structure of the simple past, when students finished their conversation went in front of the classroom to say what they had done in their last vacations.

Simple Past

STRUCTURE OF SIMPLE PAST

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

TEXT:(Simple Past)

Lesson Plan :Past Simple